Muhammed founded the Islam religion in the 17th century. He founded the first Islamic state in Medina, a city in western Saudi Arabia. When Muhammed died in 632, he left no clear message as to how leadership should continue. Therefore, there were divisions among Muslims prompted by disputes over succession to the leadership. The majority of the leadership roles were help by Sunni. They decided to proceed in selecting leaders according to ancient Arab tribal custom. Traditionally, trical leaders were selected from a small group of respected senior figures within the tribe. A tribal council would decide on a new leader, and then the leader would be confirmed by the public offering of an oath of allegiance. Early accounts suggest many were confused whether or not Muhammed intended the Muslims to remain unified under a single leader, or whether each tribe was to select their own leader. Sunnis recognize four legitimate successors to Muhammed: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, and 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. They are collectively referred to as the "Rightly Guided Caliphs".
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